Fistful of Metal is pretty awesome, in a very old-school metal type of way, but it has a different sound then what you've been digging. I'd say State of Euphoria next, as that's right around the same time period as what you've been listening to. Also, Attack of the Killer B's is pretty awesome, despite being B-sides. What you wanna do next kinda depends, because Anthrax has a sound shift. Basically, it comes down to whether you dig the more old-school metal stuff, like this:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcLXOTwZ5tA
or the more sorta grungy stuff like this:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jQRE_DFk6o8
Joey Belladona isn't on either of those tracks, for the record, so the vocals may throw you off. John Bush (latter) is pretty awesome and is on a few albums which continue this sorta sound. The dude doing vocals on their first album I can't even name, and he's only on that one CD. So I'd say if you like the top track, go backwards in their discography (Fistful of Metal, Spreading the Disease, Armed and Dangerous), if you like the bottom track go forwards. (Sound of White Noise, Volume 8, We've Come for You All)